Monarda - Bee Balm, Horsemint, Oswega Tea or Bergamot
Monarda is a genus consisting of roughly 16 species of erect, herbaceous annual or perennial plants in the Lamiaceae, indigenous to North America. Ranging in height from 1 to 3 feet (0.2 to 0.9 m), the plants have an equal spread, with slender and long-tapering (lanceolate) leaves; the leaves are opposite on stem, smooth to nearly hairy, lightly serrated margins, and range from 3 to 6 inches (7 to 14 cm) long. In all species, the leaves, when crushed, exude a spicy, highly fragrant oil. Of the species listed, M. didyma (Oswego Tea) contains the highest concentration of this oil.
The genus was named for Nicolás Monardes
who wrote a book in 1574 describing plants found in the New World.
Several Bee Balm species (Monarda fistulosa and Monarda didyma) have a long history of use as a medicinal plants by many Native Americans including the Blackfoot, Menominee, Ojibwa, Winnebago and others. The Blackfoot Indians recognized the strong antiseptic action of these plants, and used poultices of the plant for skin infections and minor wounds. A tea made from the plant was also used to treat mouth and throat infections caused by dental caries and gingivitis. Bee Balm is the natural source of the antiseptic Thymol, the primary active ingredient in modern commercial mouthwash formulas. The Winnebago used a tea made from Bee Balm as a general stimulant. Bee Balm was also used as a carminative herb by Native Americans to treat excessive flatulence.
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Monarda ist eine Pflanzengattung in der Unterfamilie der Nepetoideae innerhalb der Familie der Lippenblütler (Lamiaceae).
Die Heimat ist Nordamerika.
Der spanische Arzt Nicolas Monardes (1493-1578) hat im Jahr 1569
die heilende Wirkung einiger "Neuer Welt Pflanzen" beschrieben, darunter auch diese Gattung.
Monarda-Arten wachsen als einjährige bis ausdauernde krautige Pflanzen.
Oft enthalten sie ätherische Öle und duften aromatisch.
Die meist gegenständigen Laubblätter sind gestielt.
Die einfache Blattspreite ist gezähnt. Nebenblätter fehlen.
picture by guild-rez 7/2009
source - text wikipedia